Country & Territory Flags — provenance
======================================

Generated 2026-09-25.

How these files were made
-------------------------

Every flag was drawn from scratch for HubToolify as SVG code, from the text of its official specification — the law, decree, constitution schedule or government construction sheet that defines it — and reputable descriptions of that specification. No third-party flag or icon artwork was imported, copied or traced. Stars, crescents, crosses and the Union Flag are computed from their geometric definitions.

Each file was then checked automatically: proportions against the official ratio; only the flag's declared official colours used; no gaps in the field; no text, images or external references; and no two flags identical. Every flag was also reviewed by eye in all four presentations.

Which places are included
-------------------------

The list starts from every ISO 3166-1 code (249 codes) and UN M49 regions, plus places that have their own official flag and a documented code outside ISO 3166-1's assigned codes (ISO 3166-2 subdivision codes, ISO exceptionally reserved codes, and Kosovo's user-assigned XK). One entry is one distinct flag: a place whose only official flag is another entry's is listed as an alias of that flag, and is never counted or drawn twice.

- ISO 3166-1 country codes (via Debian iso-codes): https://salsa.debian.org/iso-codes-team/iso-codes/-/blob/main/data/iso_3166-1.json (retrieved 2026-09-25)
- UN M49 standard country or area codes: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/overview/ (retrieved 2026-09-25)

Flags in this pack
------------------

France (fr)
-----------

- Codes: alpha2 FR, alpha3 FRA, numeric 250, m49 250 — ISO 3166-1
- Variant: National flag (equal stripes, as flown on land)
- Proportions: 2:3 (height:width)
- Colours: blue #000091, white #FFFFFF, red #E1000F — No law fixes the shades. Values are the State design system's (Marque État / DSFR) "bleu France" #000091 and "rouge Marianne" #E1000F.
- Also the official flag of: Saint Barthélemy (BL), Guadeloupe (GP), French Guiana (GF), Saint Martin (MF), Mayotte (YT), New Caledonia (NC), Réunion (RE), Saint Pierre and Miquelon (PM), Wallis and Futuna (WF)
- Note: Since July 2020 the Élysée flies a darker navy blue (the pre-1976 shade); this was not done by any legal text and no official value has been published.
- For review: Colours are a government design-system choice, not legal values; the Élysée navy is undocumented.
- Source: Élysée — Le drapeau français — https://www.elysee.fr/la-presidence/le-drapeau-francais
- Source: Wikipedia — Flag of France — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_France
- Source: franceinfo — Why Emmanuel Macron changed the blue of the flag (2021) — https://www.franceinfo.fr/politique/emmanuel-macron/elysee-pourquoi-emmanuelmacrona-change-le-bleu-dudrapeau_4844887.html
- Source: ISO 3166-1 — FR — https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:FR

Germany (de)
------------

- Codes: alpha2 DE, alpha3 DEU, numeric 276, m49 276 — ISO 3166-1
- Variant: Federal flag (national flag)
- Proportions: 3:5 (height:width)
- Colours: black #000000, red #FF0000, gold #FFCC00 — Styleguide der Bundesregierung, "Die Nationalfarben": black #000000, red #FF0000 (Pantone 485), gold #FFCC00 (Pantone 7405 alternative).
- For review: English Wikipedia lists RAL-based values (red around #DD0000 / gold #FFCE00); the current federal styleguide gives #FF0000 / #FFCC00, used here.
- Source: Styleguide der Bundesregierung — Die Nationalfarben — https://styleguide.bundesregierung.gov.de/sg-de/die-nationalfarben-2023492
- Source: Wikipedia — Flag of Germany — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Germany
- Source: ISO 3166-1 — DE — https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:DE

Japan (jp)
----------

- Codes: alpha2 JP, alpha3 JPN, numeric 392, m49 392 — ISO 3166-1
- Variant: National flag (Nisshōki)
- Proportions: 2:3 (height:width)
- Colours: white #FFFFFF, crimson #BC002D — The Act specifies "beni-iro" (crimson); #BC002D is the sRGB value used for the flag by the Government of Japan.
- Source: Act on National Flag and Anthem (Act No. 127 of 1999) — https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=411AC0000000127
- Source: Wikipedia — Flag of Japan — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Japan
- Source: ISO 3166-1 — JP — https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:JP

United Kingdom (gb)
-------------------

- Codes: alpha2 GB, alpha3 GBR, numeric 826, m49 826 — ISO 3166-1
- Variant: National flag (Union Flag)
- Proportions: 1:2 (height:width)
- Colours: blue #012169, red #C8102E, white #FFFFFF — Pantone 280 C blue and 186 C red, as specified in UK Government flag guidance; hex values are the published sRGB equivalents.
- Source: UK Government — Flying flags: guidance (DCMS) — https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/flying-flags-in-the-united-kingdom
- Source: Flag Institute — Union Flag specification — https://www.flaginstitute.org/wp/flags/uk-union-flag/
- Source: Wikipedia — Union Jack (construction) — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Jack
- Source: ISO 3166-1 — GB — https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:GB

United States (us)
------------------

- Codes: alpha2 US, alpha3 USA, numeric 840, m49 840 — ISO 3166-1
- Variant: National flag
- Proportions: 10:19 (height:width)
- Colours: red #BF0A30, white #FFFFFF, blue #00205B — Federal Specification DDD-F-416 defines Old Glory Red (70180) and Old Glory Blue (70075) on the Standard Color Reference of America. The Pantone equivalents given on U.S. Government websites are 193 C and 281 C; hex values are Pantone's sRGB equivalents.
- Also the official flag of: U.S. Minor Outlying Islands (UM)
- For review: Blue: some U.S. Government sources give Pantone 282 C instead of 281 C; 281 C used.
- Source: Executive Order 10834 (National Archives) — https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/10834.html
- Source: 4 U.S. Code §§ 1–2 — https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/4/1
- Source: Wikipedia — Flag of the United States (specifications, colors) — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States
- Source: ISO 3166-1 — US — https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:US

Places that fly another entry's flag (aliases)
----------------------------------------------

- Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (BQ) → bq-bo, bq-se, bq-sa: BQ covers three special municipalities of the Netherlands, each with its own official flag: Bonaire (BQ-BO), Sint Eustatius (BQ-SE) and Saba (BQ-SA).
- Saint Barthélemy (BL) → fr: Saint Barthélemy's official flag is the flag of France; a flag with the local coat of arms is unofficial.
- Bouvet Island (BV) → no: Bouvet Island is a Norwegian dependency; the flag of Norway is its flag.
- Guadeloupe (GP) → fr: Guadeloupe's official flag is the flag of France; the regional council's logo flag and other local flags are unofficial.
- French Guiana (GF) → fr: French Guiana has no official flag; the flag of France is used. A green-and-yellow flag with a red star (1967) is used locally but is unofficial.
- Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HM) → au: Heard Island and McDonald Islands are an Australian external territory with no flag of their own.
- Saint Martin (MF) → fr: Saint Martin's official flag is the flag of France; a local flag is unofficial.
- Mayotte (YT) → fr: Mayotte's official flag is the flag of France; the departmental council's flag is unofficial.
- New Caledonia (NC) → fr: The flag of France is New Caledonia's only legally mandated flag. The 2010 Congress wish to fly the Kanak (FLNKS) flag alongside it is non-binding, and a Paris appeal court ruled in February 2025 that it did not follow the Nouméa Accord procedure.
- Réunion (RE) → fr: Réunion's official flag is the flag of France; the "Lo Mahavéli" flag is used locally but is unofficial.
- Svalbard and Jan Mayen (SJ) → no: Svalbard and Jan Mayen are part of Norway and fly the flag of Norway.
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (PM) → fr: Saint Pierre and Miquelon has no official flag of its own; the flag of France is official. A flag based on the islands' arms (1980s) is flown locally with quasi-legal status.
- U.S. Minor Outlying Islands (UM) → us: The U.S. Minor Outlying Islands fly the flag of the United States.
- Wallis and Futuna (WF) → fr: Wallis and Futuna's official flag is the flag of France. A red flag with the French canton and a white-square saltire (1985) is used locally, e.g. at the Pacific Games, but is unofficial.
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands (CC) → au: The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are an Australian external territory. Their green flag (palm tree on a gold disc, crescent, Southern Cross) is used in the community but has not been formally adopted (Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet); the official flag is Australia's.
- Christmas Island (CX) → au: Christmas Island is an Australian external territory. Its well-known blue-and-green flag (Southern Cross, golden bosun bird, island map) is used in the community but has not been formally adopted (Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet); the official flag is Australia's.

No official flag
----------------

- Antarctica (AQ): Antarctica has no official flag: the Antarctic Treaty System has not adopted one, and the designs in use are proposals.

Deliberately excluded
---------------------

- Northern Ireland (GB-NIR): No current official flag: the Ulster Banner lost official status in 1973; the Union Flag is flown officially.
- Ceuta and Melilla (EA): One reserved code for two autonomous cities with two different flags, so there is no single flag for EA.
- Diego Garcia (DG): Flies the flag of the British Indian Ocean Territory (IO); a separate entry would duplicate it.
- Clipperton Island (CP): Flies the flag of France; a separate entry would duplicate it.
- European Union (EU): An organisation, not a country or territory.
- United Nations (UN): An organisation, not a country or territory.

Similar-looking flags (checked)
-------------------------------

- ac / gs: Blue Ensigns (Union Flag canton, badge in the fly): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- ac / pn: Blue Ensigns (Union Flag canton, badge in the fly): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- ac / ta: Blue Ensigns (Union Flag canton, badge in the fly): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- ai / pn: Blue Ensigns (Union Flag canton, badge in the fly): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- au / nz: Different stars and colours in the fly.
- bo / gh: Ghana has a black star and different proportions and shades.
- eg / iq: Pan-Arab red-white-black tricolours (Egypt adds the eagle, Iraq the Takbir): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- eg / ye: Pan-Arab red-white-black tricolours (Egypt adds the eagle, Iraq the Takbir): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- eh / ps: The Sahrawi flag adds a red crescent and star; Palestine has none.
- fk / gs: Both Blue Ensigns with arms in the fly; the arms differ (ram and ship vs lion, seal and penguin).
- fk / nz: Blue Ensigns (Union Flag canton, badge in the fly): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- fk / pn: Blue Ensigns (Union Flag canton, badge in the fly): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- gb-eng / gg: St George's cross (Guernsey adds the gold cross): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- gs / ky: Blue Ensigns (Union Flag canton, badge in the fly): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- gs / nz: Blue Ensigns (Union Flag canton, badge in the fly): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- gs / pn: Blue Ensigns (Union Flag canton, badge in the fly): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- hn / ni: Honduras has five blue stars; Nicaragua has its coat of arms.
- iq / ye: Pan-Arab red-white-black tricolours (Egypt adds the eagle, Iraq the Takbir): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- ky / pn: Blue Ensigns (Union Flag canton, badge in the fly): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- ml / sn: Senegal adds a green star.
- ms / pn: Blue Ensigns (Union Flag canton, badge in the fly): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- ms / sh: Both Blue Ensigns; Montserrat shows Erin with a harp, Saint Helena a wirebird and ship.
- nz / pn: Blue Ensigns (Union Flag canton, badge in the fly): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- pn / ta: Blue Ensigns (Union Flag canton, badge in the fly): the same pattern with a different emblem.
- ro / td: Chad and Romania differ in the shade of blue.
- sh / tc: Both Blue Ensigns; Turks and Caicos shows a gold shield with conch, lobster and cactus.
